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This past weekend I participated on a panel at the South Carolina Historical Association’s annual conference. Initially, I had been approached by a graduate student at the University of South Carolina to be part of a panel at the Southern, but when that did not work out, apparently the SCHA approached him about including our panel on the program. I agreed. Then I found out an interesting tidbit after we were accepted: The meeting was to be held at Bob Jones University. Which “stands without apology for the old-time religion and the absolute authority of the bible.” Does it ever.

Now before anyone jumps on me for being anti-religious, I am not. While I am not especially devout, I admire those who are, and I realize how important religion is for millions of Americans and indeed billions around the world. Furthermore, I have coached at a Catholic high school in the past and at various times have embraced religion more than others. I will also, however, be the first to admit that my tolerance has some limits. This weekend, Bob Jones University opened my eyes. It also reminded me of those limits.

Many of you best recall Bob Jones from the 2000 Election campaign when George Bush made a campaign appearance there to shore up his fundamentalist base but that also served to anger many more secular Americans. (There are literally thousands of articles available on the web. A good piece in Salon appears here) My first impression was not good, and I was probably courting disaster, or at least my share of fire and brimstone, when I blurted out in front of the coffee and donuts and with others in the room, “One would think that God would demand better architecture.” Fortunately that got (mostly) laughs. But the buildings at Bob Jones are ugly. I mean Joe Torre ugly. They have a sort of smoker’s tooth yellow brick theme going on that may have been all the rage among the Catholic- Jew- and Black-baiting crowd at mid-century, but it has not held up well. Campus itself is nice enough, and the people were super-friendly. Just joined a cult friendly. I expected them to start showing me lima beans shaped like “The Leader” (Simpson’s reference, folks).

My best friend, Matt, with whom I stayed in Asheville last week and who wanted to see a real live academic conference (shockingly, his wife passed), and I decided that with time to kill before my panel, we’d go check out the campus bookstore. It was like stepping in to another world. I am a pretty well read guy, especially in history. I kid you not – between the history and biography sections, I did not recognize more than ten books (Though I did pause to check out “Legalized gambling: America’s Bad Bet” – take that Bill Bennett!) Then I found the truly entertaining locations – the one set of shelves categorized “Cults” and another, “Creation Science.” Giddyup. Perhaps my favorite inclusion in the “Cults” section was a book simply titled “Roman Catholicism.” Under Creation Science (this one is like shooting fish in a barrel) perhaps the most representative title was “Evolution: The Fossils Still say No,” which might spark a good fundamentalist shoutin’ match when paired next to the book “56 reasons Why the Dinosaurs Did Not Exist.”

In any case, soon enough I had my panel, which was on the rise of the Republican Party in South Carolina. Although I was invited, my paper did not fit especially well, as it was titled “Into the Maw of Dixie: The Freedom Rides, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Politics of Race in South Carolina” and where it dealt with the panel theme at all it did so only inasmuch as it addressed, in some depth, racial conservatism in South Carolina up to 1960, and in any case, racial conservatism in South Carolina at that point was Democratic party issue. I did have one overt reference to Bob Jones, which I had written in long before I ever knew about the conference, in which I wrote, “The political climate went hand in hand with the cultural climate in much of South Carolina. Bob Jones University proved to be a bulwark against integration and just about any form of social advancement among South Carolina’s fundamentalist white denizens.” I was not stricken by lightning, though perhaps because preceding me was a quite solid paper by a Brown University ABD titled “The Cross and the Elephant: Southern White Evangelicals’ Commitment to the Republican Party, 1960-1994” that may well have warranted God’s wrath via Bob Jones III even more than mine.

In the end, the chair of the panel, the estimable Jack Bass, really liked all three papers, including another on General Westmoreland’s ill-fated 1974 run for the GOP nomination for South Carolina’s governorship. After the session ended, Matt and I took one last walk around Bob Jones, with its friendly faces, pretty women in long skirts (no wanton Achilles-heel-showing), and askew perspectives on history, politics, and God, and went in search of barbecue. We had survived.


Tuesday, March 9, 2004 - 19:03

For those of you who are in the New York area or plan to be, you might want to check out the Rockefeller Center exhibit of Nelson Mandela's artwork based on his stay on Robben Island. The watercolors are not prison art, precisely, but this article in the Mail and Guardian explains what it is, precisely. With the tenth anniversary of Mandela's election nearly upon us, expect a lot of South Africa references and commentary from this corner in the coming weeks and months.

Wednesday, March 10, 2004 - 14:01

In this morning's Washington Post, David Broder addresses the question "Would FDR Run Those 9/11 Ads?" The question seems to be a legitimate one. And using research by a Post assistant, Brian Faler (a friend of mine from graduate school)Broder answers that FDR was far more inclined, indeed brazen, about using World War II as a rationale for his reelection campaign in 1944 and indeed for politics in general.

He mitigates his conclusion in his closing paragraphs by asserting

If you accept President Bush's premise that this nation is at war with terrorism, then you have to applaud the restraint his campaign has shown so far in exploiting the attack that began that war.

Far better than criticizing his ads, ask why Bush is not calling on comfortable Americans to make any sacrifices for the war effort and why he refuses to raise the revenue to pay for what he calls a life-and-death struggle.

Those are the legitimate issues.

I think there is something to be said for both arguments, though I am going to focus mainly on the first. I am not certain how far I would push an analogy between the current political environment and that of 1944, first of all. Second, however, Democrats and liberals simply need to deal with it. Is there something unseemly in using images of 9-11 for partisan purposes? Yes. Of course there is. But this is politics. Some may say that there is something unseemly in using veteran's status, an attractive family, or inrodinate wealth to run for the presidency also. But much as me might all wish that politics could be simply struggles about ideas, it is not.

Furthermore, this is yet another debate in the political dialogue where the two sides have coalesced around an issue that in and of itself is not inherently ideological. In other words, there is no reason for Republicans to rally around the idea of the President appropriating 9-11 in his ads, or Democrats to rally against the idea any more than there were logical ideological reasons for the two sides to have coalesced around the issues in the aftermath of the 2000 election as they did. I have a sneaking suspicion that if President Gore were running for reelection and using the same sorts of ads (and is anyone going to argue with a straight face that he would not be doing so?) Republicans would be up in arms and Democrats mounting the defenses over the exact same issue, just as had the tables been turned in November 2000 both sides would have argued precisely the same as what the other side did argue.

In other words, maybe it is time to stop with the mock outrage, or at least the contrived outrage, that all adds up to a noisome hypocrisy. I know it comes as a shock to people, but both Kerry and Bush are going to try to win this election, and they are probably going to push the envelope of what the other side will call good taste. If we know this, maybe, just maybe, we can reduce the moral otrage that both sides manage to muster up at the drop of a hat. Somehow, however, I doubt that this will happen.


Thursday, March 11, 2004 - 17:33

Sometimes the Gods of fortuitous timing seem to smile on me. After all, what else could explain the fact that after my post yesterday on hypocrisy in American politics (inter alia) we have the latest contretemps that illustrates my point?

Yesterday, after a formal campaign appearance before a group of Chicago factory workers, John Kerry went over to pound the flesh with a group of them, and he forgot to turn his microphone off. He thus could be heard to refer to Republicans as"the most crooked, you know, lying group I've ever seen." (See this morning's Washington Post or just about any other news source for details.)

Not surprisingly, the condemnation from the usual suspects on the GOP side of the aisle was swift and predictable. One could almost hear a collective case of the vapors set over Dennis Hastert, Tom DeLay, Rick Santorum, and others as they lined up to express their outrage. I half expected to hear each of them say"Well, I never . . ." before fainting dead away.

Funny thing is, while it was a long, long time ago, if one steps into the Wayback machine and cranks the dial all the way back to that halcyon, sepia-toned year of 2000, there was a similar l'affaire pottymouth. It was a Labor Day rally, also in Illinois, coincidentally enough, and George W. Bush was getting ready to sit down with Dick Cheney, his vice presidential nominee. Bush recognized longtime New York Times political writer Adam Clymer in the audience, turned to Cheney, pointed out Adam Clymer, and in his own felicitous way called the Times writer a"major league asshole." Cheney responded,"Big time." (While a good search engine will get you dozens of articles if you plug in the right words, try here and here.) At the time I thought it was much ado about nothing. Indeed, a friend and I agreed that"Big Time" would be a great title for a book about down and dirty presidential politics. However, suddenly the GOP's hypocrisy is showing. Again. One can expect that the fulminations of folks like DeLay will spew forth (a man many consider to be a bit of an"Adam Clymer" himself) and Republicans will try to make hay off of this, especially now that Kerry has refused to apologize. Somehow I highly doubt that the fact that Bush, too, similarly refused to apologize after his 2000 comments won't make much difference to the Republican guardians of propriety.


Friday, March 12, 2004 - 15:27

Early on Saturday morning Dullah Omar, South Africa's Transport Minister, passed away after a long bout with Hodgkins disease. Omar was buried on Saturday in the Muslim tradition. A longtime member of the anti-apartheid Unity Movement, Omar moved on to the United Democratic Front, which served as the main locus of resistance on the ground in the 1980s. In July 1987 he was elected UDF chairman in the Western Cape, and he warned against trying to work within the system to bring about democratic transformation. At one point, referring to the morally bankrupt attempt of the National Party to implement a"Tricameral Parliament" that would give seats (but no real power) to Indians and"Coloureds" but not to blacks, Omar famously said"To think you can use the Tricameral system in this fashion is like trying to cross the river on the back of a crocodile." Omar is one of the hundreds, indeed thousands, of important anti-apartheid activists who sometimes get hidden in the western eye behind the luminous presence of Nelson Mandela. Sadly many of these great warriors for justice will be passing on in the coming years. Hamba Kahle (Go well) Dullah.

Monday, March 15, 2004 - 14:23

It might be picky, but this New York Times story from this morning has one seemingly minor but not inconsequential error in it.
If the terrorists did come from Gaza . . . it would be the first time in more than three years of conflict that Palestinian suicide bombers overcame an electronic fence that encloses the Gaza Strip to strike inside Israel. Crediting the Gaza fence with stopping attackers in the past, Israel is building a more elaborate barrier against West Bank Palestinians
This may technically be the first time that terrorists “overcame the fence” in the literal sense, but as many of you might recall from my piece "Back From Israel" last summer, in fact the terrorists who bombed Mike’s Place in Tel Aviv came from the Gaza Strip, though they got past the fence and borders by catching a ride with an unsuspecting journalist.

The larger point, of course, is that by and large, the Gaza fence works. Israel is far more vulnerable to attacks from the West Bank than Gaza, and the barrier is a huge reason for this. Were Palestinian leaders to negotiate in good faith, perhaps they would have some say in where the new barrier is built. Since they will not, it should come as no surprise that Sharon is going to build according to his own dictates. I think he is making some mistakes in his chosen path, though not in the overall decision to build a protective barrier. And I will remind my anti-Israel critics: While it is Sharon who is building this wall, traditionally the idea of a barrier between Israel and West Bank is an idea not of the Likud right but of the Israeli left, hardly friends of Sharon.


Monday, March 15, 2004 - 16:46

Last night I read an article by Terrence O. Moore in the latest Claremont Review of Books that eptimomizes sloppiness in modern intellectual life. As a liberal, I sometimes court frustration by reading the Claremont Review, the National Review, the Weekly Standard, Andrew Sullivan's weblog, and so forth. I appreciate smart people making good arguments, and sometimes bad arguments, even if I disagree with them.

But this article was simply endlessly noisome. The gist of the piece: Modern boys do not know how to grow into"manliness" and instead they fit into two categories -- barbarians or wimps. I wish I could say that the argument, at its essence, is more sophisticated or nuanced or, truthfully, smart than this. Alas it is not. Indeed, Moore engages in the sort of half-baked intellectual generalizations that would be laughable were he not so dead serious about them. The whole thing reads like a caricature, albeit without the wit. He shrouds the essay in trite classical references (someone's been reading his Allan Bloom!) that tend to run toward either the jejune or else merely the pretentious. I am not sure which is worse. He makes gross generalizations the likes of which would make even the sloppiest historian blush, or so I would have thought, except at one time he taught history at Ashland University. Worse yet, he now is a principal of Ridgeview Classical Schools in Fort Collins, Colorado. Imagine the delight of his male students when they read the facile generalizations about them that Moore spews out with a combination of pity and disdain. Fortunately, most of them won't read Claremont Review's winter issue, so they won't have to know they are being condescended to so cravenly.

The narrative hook Moore, also a former lieutenant in the US Marine Corps, uses is the old Murphy Brown show, which caused quite a contretemps when Candace Bergen's eponymous character had a child -- gasp -- out of wedlock and Dan Quayle, well, he picked a fight with this single tv mom. Moore wonders where Avery, the fictitious boy who, if he actually existed and were a real person and such, would now be eleven.

I generally like the Claremont Review even when I disagree with it. But this article is almost transcendentally bad. Its generalizations do not hold up to scrutiny. The dichotomy he builds between barbarians and wimps would not strike most high school or college age young men as resembling any form of reality -- having coached high school kids and taught and coached their college elders over the last several years, I did not find it to ring true of a single male student-athlete I've worked with, never mind as a type that works for the bulk of them. It is sloppy. It is demeaning. (And let's not get into how it borders on homophobic.) The barbarian in me wanted to punch him in the jaw. The wimp in me wanted to weep for his profligate irresponsibility. The real person in me is merely riding a wave between pity and disgust and ridicule. Too bad Moore would not be sophisticated enough to see that person. Pity the students at his school. But bless the history students no longer under his tutelage.


Wednesday, March 17, 2004 - 13:39

In light of all of the hysteria, pro and con, about"The Passion of the Christ," Gregg Easterbrook's tnr blog today is just really funny.

Thursday, March 18, 2004 - 16:56

Ralph wrote me yesterday to correct yet another of my tech gaffes with regard to citing articles. He explained to me how in the good old days, he could just go in and edit posts, but with the new system he cannot. I wrote him the following story by way of aphorism. He thought it was amusing and suggested I share it:
I was in South Africa, and my best friend there and I had gone to Cape Town. We were visiting one of his good friends, but she was an old girlfriend, and so there was some tension. She worked in some nonprofit with close ties to government. She had this major report, due in a few days, and it was on her computer screen. Shockingly, we'd been drinking, and his friend, (name withheld), had stepped out for a bit. I suggested that in the middle of a paragraph, we simply insert"I like pork chops" and return precisely to where she had been working. David, by then tired of dealing with an ex, thought it was a capital idea. I inserted"pork chops" line. Apparently, days later, a government minister saw the report and wondered why her proclivities toward pork chops were in a report about housing. I may be going to hell, but that is damned funny stuff. But it is also a good reason why I don't want a wily fellow, even a friend (hell, I know my friends -- especially a friend) to have access to my edit button!
Happy Friday, everyone. (And make sure to proofread everything one last time before sending it off!)

Friday, March 19, 2004 - 11:52

OAH
Howdy folks, from Boston, cradle of liberty, America'a Athens, and home of the Boston Red Sox. I am a bit of a contentious type, so maybe only I will find this heartening, but it was really nice to hear this when I got off of the T today:"Move yer f@#$%^&* a#% you gahddamed Chowdahhead." Say what you will, at least New Englanders' out and out surliness is up front. Better that than too much of the treacly to your face stab you in the back posing in other parts of our fair land. Things making this displaced New Englander happy: Globe sports section. Dunkin' Donuts (Maple Glazed -- MMMMMM - take that, Atkinistas). Sox signs. Everywhere. Hearing a guy call another guy a chowdahhead."Patriots World Champs" hats. The conference -- I've gotten about 5 hours of sleep in the last couple of days (seeing buddies while I am here is probably not good for my health. It sure enough is not good for my poor liver.) but I had to be on my game today for my panel. It went well. I gave my paper (Crossing State Lines: Massive White Resistance and the Freedom Rides of 1961) as an outline and not in the normal reading format that often brings out the inner narcoleptic in all of us. I felt like I shanked a bit -- I was not on my game, and I pride myself on my public speaking. Feedback was positive from the audience, but I just did not do my work justice. George Lewis at the University of Leicester gave a great paper on organized state resistance in Virginia. He read it but did a good job and his paper received the most questions. His book will be out in the fall with U of Florida press, and will be worth buying. I put this panel together and so I am a bit like a proud papa. The third paper was by Milla Rosenburg, whose paper covered housing discrimination in suburban Chicago. t did not come from a historian's perspective, but it had some interesting insights. Milla, however, is the Low Talker from Seinfeld. After the panel I met a woman who seemed to like my paper. She had given a paper at the wonderful Citadel conference on the CRM last year, and apparently my friend and colleague Ralph Luker went after her in attack mode. Ralph comes in a genteel and classy package (he is the anti-Derek) but apparently when he shrpens his fangs, things get ugly! Suffice it to say, the highlight of the panel was when all of us (commenter and chair included -- and a public thank you to two of the better lights of our profession, Jane Dailey and Charles Eagles, for doing the panel and for not making me look like an ass) at the hotel bar. Until tomorrow, chowdahheads! dc

Saturday, March 27, 2004 - 18:25