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This page includes, in addition to news about historians, news about political scientists, economists, law professors, and others who write about history.

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

Founders of British obstetrics 'were callous murderers'

Source: Guardian (UK) (2-7-10)

They are giants of medicine, pioneers of the care that women receive during childbirth and were the founding fathers of obstetrics. The names of William Hunter and William Smellie still inspire respect among today's doctors, more than 250 years since they made their contributions to healthcare. Such were the duo's reputations as outstanding physicians that the clienteles of their private practices included the rich and famous of mid-18th-century London.

But were they also serial killers? New research published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (JRSM) claims that they were. A detailed historical study accuses the doctors of soliciting the killing of dozens of women, many in the latter stages of pregnancy, to dissect their corpses.

"Smellie and Hunter were responsible for a series of 18th-century 'burking' murders of pregnant women, with a death total greater than the combined murders committed by Burke and Hare and Jack the Ripper," writes Don Shelton, a historian. "Burking" involved murdering people to order, usually for medical research.

According to Shelton, the two men were between them responsible for the murders of 35-40 pregnant women and their unborn children. Acting separately, and using henchmen to deliver their supply, they organised a killing spree in London between 1749 and 1755 and, after a period of inactivity enforced by mounting suspicion about the source of their corpses, resumed between 1764 and 1774. Motivated by ego, personal rivalry and a shared desire to benefit from being acclaimed as the foremost childbirth doctors of their time, Hunter and Smellie sacrificed life after life in their quests to study pregnancy's physical effects and to develop new techniques, the author says. "Although it sounds absolutely incredible, the circumstantial literary evidence suggests they were most likely competing with each other in experimenting with secret caesarean sections on unconscious, or freshly murdered, victims, with a view to extracting and reviving the babies," Shelton told the Observer....

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 9:20 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Hans L. Trefousse, Historian and Author, Dies at 88

Source: NYT (2-4-10)

...Hans L. Trefousse was known for his well-received books about both men. A specialist in Civil War and Reconstruction-era history, he died on Jan. 8, at 88, at his home on Staten Island, his son, Roger, said.

His books include “Impeachment of a President: Andrew Johnson, the Blacks, and Reconstruction”; “Thaddeus Stevens: Nineteenth-Century Egalitarian,” about the congressman who led the impeachment effort; and “Rutherford B. Hayes.”

At his death, Professor Trefousse was distinguished professor emeritus of history at Brooklyn College, where he taught full time from 1950 until 1998. He also taught at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York.

Hans Louis Trefousse (pronounced TRAY-foos) was born into a Jewish family in Frankfurt on Dec. 18, 1921. His family left Germany in the mid-1930s and settled on Staten Island. Mr. Trefousse received a bachelor’s degree from City College of New York and master’s and doctoral degrees in history from Columbia....

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 8:36 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Dominic Sandbrook: Historians ignore the human element at their peril

Source: BBC History Magazine (2-4-10)

[Dominic Sandbrook is a freelance writer on history and current affairs. His most recent book is White Heat: A History of Britain in the Swinging Sixties (Little, Brown, 2006). He is the regular columnist for BBC History Magazine.]

...To scour the latest scholarly journals often means ploughing through pages of detailed analysis in which the human element is almost entirely absent. All too often, historians underestimate the personal and elevate the general: as the excellent medieval historian Ian Mortimer once pointed out, it is bizarre to read a monograph on Henry IV in which the death of his wife – presumably one of the central and most affecting moments in the king’s life – was dismissed in eight words.

Indeed, many academics have long believed that the individual has no place in serious scholarship. “Biography?” the late Geoffrey Elton once exploded when his pupil David Starkey mentioned that he fancied writing a life of Henry VIII. “Biography? Leave it to the women!”

In many ways this is merely another example of the yawning divide between ‘academic’ and ‘popular’ scholarship. As academics abandon the human story for yet another thrilling discussion of the trans-gendering of public space in a Staffordshire village, so it falls to the likes of William Hague and Roy Hattersley to give us their thoughts on William Pitt or the Edwardians.

A few brave souls have ventured out from the ivory tower to embark on major biographies: Sir Ian Kershaw’s two-volume Hitler springs to mind. By and large, however, young scholars are discouraged from the biographical approach. When one eminent American historian discovered that I was writing my PhD on an individual politician, Senator Eugene McCarthy, he turned pale with shock, quite a sight given that he was rather florid.

And yet the truth is history books only last if they reconcile the individual and the general. Painful though it may be for some academics to admit, history is nothing more than the sum of countless individual decisions, most of them now lost forever. Even Christopher Hill, one of the greatest Marxist historians of all, recognised the importance of the human element, which is why his book on Cromwell, God’s Englishman, is such a splendid read....

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 8:33 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Historian reveals realities behind Iowa’s role in  underground railroad

Source: Newton Daily News (2-9-10)

These freedom-seekers took the biggest risk of all involved.

Historian Galin Berrier made this and other realities of the underground railroad clear at a Chautauqua lecture at William Penn University on Thursday night. Berrier currently serves as an adjunct instructor at Des Moines Area Community College.

Berrier focused on the fact that much of what is known about the underground railroad has been told by white people assisting recently escaped African-Americans.

“The underground railroad is really very much more a black story than it is a white story,” said Berrier. “The underground railroad is first and foremost a story of blacks, to a great extent, freeing themselves.”

Like many free states during America’s slavery days, Iowa had a number of stops on the underground railroad.

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 6:30 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Benny Morris talk stirs uproar at Cambridge

Source: Jerusalem Post (2-7-10)

The Israel Society at Cambridge University has succumbed to pressure and canceled a talk by Ben-Gurion University of the Negev historian Benny Morris after protesters accused him of “Islamophobia” and “racism.”

Morris was scheduled to speak to students at the university on Thursday, but following a campaign led by anti-Israel activist Ben White the Israel Society canceled the talk. Instead Morris was invited to speak at an event hosted by the university’s Department of Political and International Studies.

White, who graduated from the university in 2005 and authored the book Israeli Apartheid: A Beginners Guide, set up a protest page on Facebook in which he claimed that “on different occasions, Morris has expressed Islamophobic and racist sentiments towards Arabs and Muslims.”

He added: “We find it offensive and appalling that an official student society would want to invite such an individual.”

Following the Facebook protest, a letter was sent to the student union by the university’s Islamic Society, other students and two staff members from the English Department asking it to take a stand and show it is serious “in opposing bigotry and Islamophobia.” The 15 signatories said Morris’s views were “abhorrent and offensive.

“The issue is hate speech, and the impact of a visit by this individual on the campus’ atmosphere for the student body’s minority groups... His visit is insulting, threatening to Arab and Muslim students in particular and also goes against the spirit of the student union’s stated anti-Islamophobia policy,” the letter read.

Last year, Cambridge’s Palestine Society hosted Abd al-Bari Atwan, editor-in-chief of the London-based Al-Quds Al-Arabi newspaper. In 2008, Atwan said the terrorist attack on Jerusalem’s Mercaz Harav yeshiva, in which eight students were killed and 15 were wounded, was “justified” as the school was responsible for “hatching Israeli extremists and fundamentalists.”...

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 6:09 PM | Comments (0) | Top

French historians consulted by government over "French identity"

Source: NYT (2-8-10)

Prime Minister François Fillon of France announced a few symbolic measures on Monday to provide concrete results from France’s bitterly contentious debate over “national identity.”

In a special cabinet meeting, Mr. Fillon also threw the discussion, initiated several months ago by President Nicolas Sarkozy, to an “experts committee” of politicians and historians, bringing the debate to an end in its current public form....

Mr. Fillon said that French schools will now be ordered to fly the French flag and to have a copy of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in every classroom....

Mr. Fillon said that French schools will now be ordered to fly the French flag and to have a copy of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in every classroom.

Posted on Tuesday, February 9, 2010 at 2:18 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Monday, February 8, 2010

Victorian historian tells what we can learn from Victorian ideas on thrift

Source: BBC History Magazine (2-1-10)

One of the most fascinating questions raised by the economic downturn is whether it will permanently change our economic and personal behaviour. And it is a question with plenty of historical echoes. An old fashioned word – thrift – has been heard once again as the binge spending of recent years is followed by a painful consumer hangover. And thrift is often associated, as it always was, not only with saving money but also with leading a morally improved life....

Historian Katy Pettit has been researching the consumption habits of better-off working-class families in the East End of London from 1880 to 1914. She has discovered ideals that emerged from those communities themselves. They were a matter of pragmatic response to changing circumstances and personal preferences about consumption, rather than a moral or religious ideal of thrift. Women’s skill in managing family budgets was at the centre of this. “Such a highly valued skill was a crucial component of working-class respectability,” she argues.

Pettit notes the example of one woman from Wapping who “was highly proficient at keeping the family accounts and would have liked to have been an accountant if born a man”. Such skills were not just about the routine, but also involved “learning to adapt quickly to uncontrollable situations” – caused not only by unemployment but also by, for instance, a bereavement.

Much has been made in today’s economic crisis about how far people are changing their shopping habits, perhaps trading down from more expensive food stores. Katy Pettit’s research shows how shrewd shopping was not an exceptional response but a way of life for many East Enders. This involved cultivating good relationships with shopkeepers, and knowing when to find bargains – for example, at the end of the day. Children were also a well-informed part of the family economy, running errands in return for edible rewards. “Although today child labour is sometimes considered to be exploitative”, she argues, “the late-Victorian and Edwardian version in east London was complex, and the work was not necessarily harmful”....

What emerges from Pettit’s research is a sophisticated sense of consumer choice extending well below those with middle-class incomes. Individuals or families would trade economising in one area against the enjoyment of a particular luxury. The local press contained sophisticated recipes, and shops in poorer areas would stock foods such as pâté de foie gras....

So ‘thrift’ in such communities was not so much the self-denial with which the well-to-do sought to advertise their virtue. It was about families constantly managing resources in the hope of maintaining a lifestyle – including some more expensive consumption – whatever the circumstances. Today’s hard-pressed consumers will know the feeling.

Posted on Monday, February 8, 2010 at 4:05 PM | Comments (0) | Top

New ways to write the story of the world

Source: Boston Globe (2-7-10)

Zinn was not the first to upend the traditional historical narrative in this way; his bottom-up vision of history drew heavily on the work of previous generations of revisionist historians. What Zinn did in his “People’s History” was stitch that work together into an overarching narrative and give it a polemical edge.

Yet Zinn’s work remains a testament to the power of vantage point, an example of how coming at a familiar set of historical facts from a different angle can completely change what we know about them. And today, historians of all stripes are applying that lesson in new and fascinating ways. These scholars are not the heirs of Zinn, politically or intellectually, but their work shares his conviction that we can and should see the past anew.

Environmental historians, for example, are looking not just at society but its interaction with the natural world, exploring the ways that man has altered and been altered by it. Proponents of so-called neurohistory are looking at the human brain, arguing that it is not solely the product of evolution, but of culture and technological advances - of history, in other words, rather than just biology. Other historians are rearranging the boundaries their colleagues use to partition the past into useful categories, creating fields like “Pacific history” that focus on the ways that navigable bodies of water have linked and shaped societies as much as national borders have. Still others are using the tools of science to answer longstanding historical questions - melding history, archeology, and sciences ranging from genetics to computer programming to climatology into a sprawling new field called “archeoscience.”

Posted on Monday, February 8, 2010 at 1:25 AM | Comments (0) | Top

Sunday, February 7, 2010

Niall Ferguson leaves his wife for Ayaan Hirsi Ali

Source: The Daily Mail (UK) (2-7-10)

With their close ties to David Cameron and illustrious careers in academia and publishing, they were a formidable couple.

But last night it appeared that the 16-year marriage of celebrated historian Niall Ferguson and former newspaper editor Sue Douglas has ended.

The Harvard professor has left his wife for Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a glamorous Somali lawyer threatened with death for scripting a film critical of Islam.

A friend of Miss Douglas, 52, said: 'Despite all the lessons of history, Niall has set himself off in pursuit of some liberal idea of individual freedom and appears hellbent on breaking up his family....

Neither Ferguson nor Miss Hirsi Ali were available for comment....

Posted on Sunday, February 7, 2010 at 5:50 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Friday, February 5, 2010

Activist Historian Howard Zinn's Obit on NPR Causes a Firestorm

Source: NPR.org (2-4-10)

There's a taboo not to speak ill of the dead. Or if you are going to, then at least be nuanced and even-handed about it.

And that's what hundreds said about a Jan. 28 remembrance of Howard Zinn, the activist historian who died Jan. 27....

Zinn, 87, died of a heart attack last Wednesday while on a speaking tour in California. NPR scrambled to get something on the air for All Things Considered (ATC) the next night.

The four-minute piece by Allison Keyes quoted three sources: two who praised Zinn and one, David Horowitz, who was harshly critical. It was the commentary by Horowitz that led Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR), a left-leaning media watchdog group, to initiate a campaign that resulted in over 1,600 emails, over 100 phone calls and 108 comments on npr.org. Others complained on air....

Not surprisingly, he was no fan of Zinn's.

"There is absolutely nothing in Howard Zinn's intellectual output that is worthy of any kind of respect," Horowitz declared in the NPR story. "Zinn represents a fringe mentality which has unfortunately seduced millions of people at this point in time. So he did certainly alter the consciousness of millions of younger people for the worse."...

Adam Bernstein, the Washington Post's obituaries editor, also heard the Zinn obit.

"I think the Zinn story misses the mark for two reasons," said Bernstein. "It quotes people with a vested interest in celebrating the man and then quotes a man who vividly despises what Zinn represents."

Neither works well....

I also asked Alana Baranick, author of "Life on the Death Beat: A Handbook for Obituary Writers," to listen to the story. She wrote obits for the Cleveland Plain Dealer for 16 years. She thought it was fair to use Horowitz to balance out leftist academic Noam Chomsky, who said "Zinn had changed the conscience of a generation."

"If I had been doing that NPR obit, I would not have cited Horowitz or Chomsky," said Baranick. "I would have looked to less controversial figures for comments. [Quoting] historians, who are not considered political activists, would have been more appropriate."...

Posted on Friday, February 5, 2010 at 5:07 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Peter Calvocoressi, codebreaker and historian, dies at 97

Source: Telegraph (UK) (2-5-10)

Peter Calvocoressi, who died on February 5 aged 97, had a distinguished and varied career as a wartime codebreaker, historian, publisher and author; he published books about the Second World War and world politics since 1945, as well as studies of Africa, the Middle East, Britain and Europe.

As head of air intelligence at Station X — the top secret headquarters at Bletchley Park of the codebreakers who cracked Germany’s Enigma cipher during the Second World War — Calvocoressi played a critical role in the operation to intercept high-level German orders. This intelligence, known as Ultra, and provided by his team of mathematicians, linguists and other experts, not only helped win the Battle of Britain but also furnished details of Hitler’s proposed invasion in Operation Sea Lion, eventually abandoned as too risky....

His account of his wartime work at Bletchley Park, Top Secret Ultra, appeared in 1980. In it Calvocoressi emphasised the decisive role played by Ultra in intercepting communications: “Ultra took the blindfold off our eyes so that we could see the enemy in detail in a way in which he could not see us.”...

Peter John Ambrose Calvocoressi was born on November 17 1912 in Karachi, then part of British India, now Pakistan, into one of the great Greek mercantile families which could trace its roots back to Byzantium and which had flourished in a much intermarried enclave in late 19th-century London. Of these families, the most prosperous and successful were the Rallis, of whose bank his father was a director.

Moving to England at the age of three months, Peter was brought up at Holme Hey, a substantial house on the fringe of Sefton Park, Liverpool, and was dismayed to be called a “greasy Greek” at prep school in Kent. Largely on the strength of his Latin translation of Abide With Me, he won a scholarship to Eton (where he discarded God and identified himself as a political radical) and in 1934 took a first in History at Balliol. His parents wanted him to try for the Foreign Office but he was warned off by Anthony Eden, who said that with a name like Calvocoressi he would never get anywhere in the service — even if he succeeded in entering it....

After standing unsuccessfully as a Liberal candidate in the 1945 general election, Calvocoressi spent five years between 1949 and 1954 with the Royal Institute of International Affairs at Chatham House under Arnold Toynbee. He was later offered the post of director-general, but by then he had joined the board of the publishers, Chatto & Windus, which he was unwilling to leave, and where he spent the next 11 years....

He wrote a number of books on history and international affairs, including The British Experience 1945-75 (1978), Independent Africa and the World (1985) and Who’s Who in the Bible (1987). He published his brief autobiography, Threading My Way, in 1994.

Posted on Friday, February 5, 2010 at 2:41 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Eric Foner: Zinn's Critical History

Source: The Nation (2-4-10)

[Eric Foner, a member of The Nation's editorial board, is DeWitt Clinton Professor of History at Columbia University and editor of Our Lincoln, a collection of essays recently published by W. W. Norton and author of Forever Free: The Story of Emancipation and Reconstruction.]

Friedrich Nietzsche once identified three approaches to the writing of history: the monumental, the antiquarian and the critical, the last being history "that judges and condemns." Howard Zinn, who died on January 27 at 87, wrote the third kind. Unlike many historians, he was not afraid to speak out about the difference between right and wrong....

I have long been struck by how many excellent students of history first had their passion for the past sparked by reading Howard Zinn. Sometimes, to be sure, his account tended toward the Manichaean, an oversimplified narrative of the battle between the forces of light and darkness. But A People's History taught an inspiring and salutary lesson--that despite all too frequent repression, if America has a history to celebrate it lies in the social movements that have made this a better country. As for past heroes, Zinn insisted, one should look not to presidents or captains of industry but to radicals such as Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony and Eugene V. Debs....

A few years ago, I lectured at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota (the hometown of the late, lamented Senator Paul Wellstone). Zinn had been there a few days before, and across the top of the student newspaper was emblazoned the headline Zinn Attacks State. I sent Howard a copy. We laughingly agreed that he could not have a more appropriate epitaph.

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

American historians weigh in on the Illinois senate election

Source: RealClearPolitics (2-2-10)

The Senate Democratic primary in Illinois today carries more weight than a single election. The winner will be running to salvage a piece of the Obama presidential legacy -- if a Republican wins the seat in November, Barack Obama would become the first senator-turned-president to lose his former seat to the opposite party.

Of course, there isn't much precedent for this. In 2008, Obama became just the third sitting senator elected president, following John F. Kennedy in 1960 and Warren G. Harding in 1920. Kennedy was replaced by the appointed Benjamin Smith, a Democrat, who safeguarded the seat until Edward M. Kennedy came of age in 1962 and won a special election. Harding's first term in the Senate was up in 1920, and Republican Frank B. Willis successfully ran to replace him....

"I don't know if it will affect his legacy, but it certainly will have an effect on his presidency," said Julian Zelizer, a historian at Princeton University. "Symbolically, it will be read as another sign of his weakness."

"The bottom line is that Obama needs to retake the political initiative," said Stephen J. Wayne, a presidential scholar at Georgetown University. "He needs a Democratic nominee who can win and will support his policy priorities; he needs to return to the policy and political offensive. The election of a sympathetic Democratic Senator from Illinois will help."...

"I doubt whether the President's legacy will stand or fall on that election," said Wayne.

However, Zelizer noted, Obama's agenda took a hit with the Massachusetts loss, and the loss of his Senate seat "would certainly fall into that story."

Posted on Tuesday, February 2, 2010 at 1:12 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Monday, February 1, 2010

Louis R. Harlan, Historian of Booker T. Washington, Dies at 87

Source: NYT (1-29-10)

Louis R. Harlan, whose definitive two-volume biography of Booker T. Washington convincingly embraced its subject’s daunting complexities and ambiguities and won both the Bancroft Prize and the Pulitzer Prize, died on Jan. 22 in Lexington, Va. He was 87....

Mr. Harlan, a white Southerner, made race relations and Southern history his field of inquiry after attending a guest lecture by John Hope Franklin at Johns Hopkins University in the 1940s. When the historian Marquis James died in 1955 before he could embark on a planned biography of Washington, Mr. Harlan took up the task.

It took him nearly three decades to finish it, largely because at the same time he was editing, with Raymond L. Smock, a 14-volume edition of Washington’s papers, published between 1972 and 1988.

“Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856-1901” was published by Oxford University Press in 1972 and won the Bancroft Prize the following year. “Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915,” published by Oxford in 1983, won both the Bancroft Prize and the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1984. “It was the first really three-dimensional work that went into the secret life, the private world, of the most famous black man of his time,” said Mr. Smock, the author of “Booker T. Washington: Black Leadership in the Age of Jim Crow” (Ivan R. Dee, 2009)....

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 11:30 PM | Comments (0) | Top

A Historian for Everyday People

Source: Forbes (2-1-10)

[Laura Dean is a freelance writer based in Washington, D.C.]

Howard Zinn, historian, author and lifelong activist, spent his life writing about and remembering the lives of ordinary people. After his death this past Wednesday we begin to go about remembering him.

A native Brooklynite, Zinn attended New York City public schools and worked in shipyards until he joined the Army Air Force during World War II. He entered college on the GI Bill as a 27-year-old freshman and went on to receive his Ph.D. from Columbia University....

An activist-academic, Zinn didn't quite sit comfortably in either realm. In 1956 he joined the history department at Spelman College, a historically all-black women's college in Atlanta but was eventually dismissed for encouraging Spelman's young women to picket and engage in other "unladylike" activities. Later, as a professor at Boston University, Zinn got into many public spats with John Silbur, then-president of the school, for becoming too involved in protests....

As a historian he has been accused of throwing the baby out with the bathwater in rejecting all prevailing historical narratives. In a later work, entitled The Politics of History, Zinn decried the historian's role as a neutral documentarian of human events. Zinn's methods were lambasted by some historians who accused him of sacrificing historical detail and nuance to an ideology that painted all elites as villains and privileged the voices of the oppressed. Nevertheless, in the face of vociferous criticism, Zinn entered the canon of American historical teaching and is one of the most widely read historians of his time....

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 5:19 PM | Comments (0) | Top

National Humanities Alliance issues call to March meeting in Washington DC

Source: National Humanities Alliance (2-1-10)

In The Audacity of Hope, author Barack Obama recounts a conversation he had with MIT scientist Robert Langer at Northwestern University’s 2006 commencement in which they discuss a declining federal investment in research and development through the nation’s higher education institutions. The passage is important because it lays the intellectual groundwork for the soon-to-be Presidential candidate’s innovation agenda, including a $42 billion proposal to spur America’s competitiveness through increased federal R&D spending. It also provides an excellent example of effective advocacy outside of Washington. But it is to the following remark that I would like to call your attention:

“Dr. Langer’s observation isn’t unique. Each month, it seems, scientists and engineers visit my office to discuss the federal government’s diminished commitment to funding basic scientific research. Over the last three decades federal funding for the physical, mathematical, and engineering sciences has declined as a percentage of GDP- just at the time when other countries are substantially increasing their own R &D budgets....”

Since taking office, President Obama has maintained his commitment to increase research funding and on February 17, 2009 one of his first acts as President was to sign into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, a $780 stimulus bill with more than $14 billion in funding for science and health R&D, including $3 billion to the National Science Foundation for grants to advance research and education in science and math.

I know this isn’t news to most of you, but my point is this: President Obama’s R&D agenda did not develop in a vacuum. It was informed to a great extent (and by the President’s own account) by the advocacy of scientists and engineers who came to Washington to make the case for increased federal investment, throughout Obama’s tenure as a member of the United States Senate.

We need your help in Washington, DC on March 8–9 to make the case for the humanities. Your Representatives and Senators need to hear directly from you, as a leader in your field, on the importance of federal investment in the humanities. Please register today to attend the National Humanities Alliance’s Annual Meeting and Humanities Advocacy Day. The 2010 program will include:

Panel discussions on current developments in humanities policy
Luncheon and keynote address with NEH Chairman Jim Leach
Briefings on federal funding and legislative priorities
Capitol Hill reception
New advocate training
Congressional visits

Success of this year’s event depends upon participation from our member organizations and institutions. If you are unable to attend, as a voting Member Representative, please make sure your organization or institution is represented by designating another staff person, a board member, campus colleague, or other representative.

Help maintain our momentum. Together we can raise the profile of the humanities research and education community in Washington, and build an infrastructure for advocacy in the humanities for the long-term. I ask that you let us know as soon as possible how your organization will be represented.

Thank you for your continued support.

Sincerely,
Jessica Jones Irons
Executive Director

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 4:35 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Roger Crowley: Bernard Lewis, the Ottoman Empire, and Modern Turkey

Source: History Today (2-1-10)

[Roger Crowley was born in 1951 and spent part of his childhood in Malta. He read English at Cambridge University and taught English in Istanbul, where he developed a strong interest in the history of Turkey. He has traveled widely throughout the Mediterranean basin over many years and has a wide-ranging knowledge of its history and culture. He lives in Gloucestershire, England. He is also the author of 1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West.]

In October 1953 the historian Bernard Lewis wrote an article for History Today about the Ottoman Empire and its relations with Europe. The occasion was the 500th anniversary of the fall of Constantinople; his purpose was to plead for a more balanced assessment of the empire and to accord it an honourable place in world history, to see the fall of Constantinople not as a ‘victory of barbarism, but rather of another and not undistinguished civilization’...

Lewis laid out the historiography that has informed European views of the Ottomans. The events of 1453 happened on the cusp of the printing revolution; one of its first uses was to disseminate virulent accounts of ‘the damnable menace of the Grand Turk of the infidels’; particularly influential was the 17th-century bestseller, Richard Knolles’ The General History of the Turks, about ‘the present terror of the world’.Out of these antecedents has come a complex set of emotional associations about the Turks, coloured by racial memory, admiration for classical Greece and the development of modern nationalisms which have skewed an objective assessment of a great world civilisation:‘for most Europeans,’ Lewis argued,‘the loss of Constantinople is a great historical disaster, a defeat for Christendom which has never been repaired.’ While drawing a distinction between the heyday of the empire in its pomp and its ramshackle exodus in the 19th and 20th centuries, he sketched the achievements of the mature empire – its comparative tolerance, its efficient governance, its creation of peace and security within the Arab lands and the Balkans, its stability, its regeneration of an ossified Byzantine Constantinople, the beauty of its art and architecture. Above all, Lewis pleaded for a study of the Turks through their own eyes and their own words rather than through the prejudices of western travellers....

The Ottomans remain a conundrum, both distant and very near. The last subjects of the Ottoman Empire are still alive, yet its language is so dead that Turkish people cannot read their grandparents’gravestones. Its life was so long that it encompassed both the golden age of Suleiman the Magnificent and the decline of the Sick Man of Europe; the open-armed welcome to the Jews after their expulsion from Spain in 1492 and the fate of the Armenians in 1915. Lewis was inviting us to salute the majesty of the former but has been accused of airbrushing the latter. The Ottomans puzzle the Turks almost as much as they do outsiders. Ataturk encouraged his new republic to jump over the decadent Ottoman centuries and claim connection with the ‘purer’Turkishness of their central Asian origins. In the process the Turks too have been left with a soul-searching debate about ethnicity, history and identity. A clear perspective on the multiple faces of the Ottoman Empire remains a work in progress.

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 4:22 PM | Comments (0) | Top

Joseph Massad at UCLA: Gay-Bashing 101

Source: Front Page Mag (2-1-10)

A lecture last week at the UCLA Center for Near Eastern Studies (CNES) offered a mixture of intellectually deficient material mixed with a dash of bigotry. It was delivered by Joseph Massad, associate professor of modern Arab politics and intellectual history at Columbia University.

The topic of Massad’s lecture was “Pre-Positional Conjunctions: Sexuality and/in Islam.” While past CNES lectures resulted in Israel-bashing and anti-Semitism, UCLA finally decided to honor its commitment to diversity by attacking another minority group. This time, homosexuals had their turn in the multicultural bile wheel.

From inception to completion, Massad’s lecture was nothing more than gay-bashing. This was on par with the thesis of Massad’s 2007 book, Desiring Arabs, which posits that gay sexuality among Muslims does not exist. Rather, it is a Western plot designed to undermine the Muslim world....

Massad also used the occasion to present a novel – and decidedly homophobic – conspiracy theory. “Queer is an imperialist term,” he announced. “It is part of the Anglo-American gay agenda.” Indeed, according to Massad, “queer is an example of cultural imperialism.” It followed, by his perverse logic, that the “use of ‘gay’ in Iran is imperial politics.” The claim called to mind Mahmoud Ahmadinejad notorious speech at Columbia University, in which he assured the audience that there are no gay people in his country. It’s notable that the views of a theocratic despot should find such staunch backing in the hear of supposedly progressive academia....

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 12:21 PM | Comments (1) | Top

Business historian Richard Tedlow talks about denial

Source: Newark Star-Ledger (1-28-10)

As a business historian, Richard Tedlow has studied just about every big business disaster in America....

"It’s hard to beat denial, because it’s comfortable. It’s everywhere, just everywhere," said Tedlow, a Harvard University Business School professor and the author of several business-related books.

His newest book — "Denial: Why Business Leaders Fail to Look Facts in the Face — And What to Do About It" — is to be released in March. In it, Tedlow explores the consequences of ignoring realities in an increasingly competitive and global marketplace.

"Today, we live in a much less-forgiving world," he said. "You can’t afford denial. You don’t have the cushion of days gone by."...

["]The most recent example is General Motors. Here is a company that for years was losing share point by share point. Finally, they went bankrupt. In the 1950s, when GM’s CEO was Time Magazine’s "Man of the Year," that would have been inconceivable.["]

["]But they lost sight of the customer. In the old days, people kept a car for three years. After the oil shock of the 1970s and stagflation, people kept their cars longer. It means the quality of the car you’re buying becomes far more important, so if Toyota is building quality automobiles that last longer, you’re going to migrate to that.["]

["]The dot-com implosion is another example, where companies were valued not by rock-solid metrics, like return-on-equity or profit, but rather share of eyeballs, with no sense of how to monetize it and convert it into profits. People weren’t asking those questions. And then, as if to show how little we learned, we fell right from that into a housing bubble. It crashed the whole economy. We’re still trying to work our way out of it["]....

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 9:28 AM | Comments (0) | Top

Obama's Presidency Draws Comparisons to Jimmy Carter by historians

Source: FOX News (1-30-10)

The similarities between Barack Obama and Jimmy Carter are undeniable.

Carter studied nuclear physics and taught Sunday School. Obama edited the Harvard Law Review and taught constitutional law. Both can flash a million-dollar smile. And both won the Nobel Peace Prize....

Historian Walter Russell Mead argues both men came to power after exceptionally turbulent times. The Vietnam-Watergate era for Carter. The post-9/11 "war on terror" period for Obama.

And both sought to reduce tensions between the U.S. and its adversaries. But that goal, Mead said, conflicts with another held by both presidents.

"Both Obama and Carter were in some ways visionary idealists," he said. "And they're worried about issues like genocide, like poverty, tyranny around the world. And so it becomes very hard: How do you balance a human rights agenda with a kind of live-and-let live agenda?

"You reach out to Iran and you ask Russia for help, that means that now Putin and Ahmadinejad have the power to either make you look good or look bad. So when you set out to try to reduce tensions with adversaries, you can sometime give hostages to fortune."

Posted on Monday, February 1, 2010 at 9:22 AM | Comments (0) | Top

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