George Mason University's
History News Network

Roundup: Talking About History


This is where we excerpt articles about history that appear in the media. Among the subjects included on this page are: anniversaries of historical events, legacies of presidents, cutting-edge research, and historical disputes.

SOURCE: WSJ (7-30-12)

Stephen Moore is a member of the Journal's editorial board.

It's a tragedy that Milton Friedman—born 100 years ago on July 31—did not live long enough to combat the big-government ideas that have formed the core of Obamanomics. It's perhaps more tragic that our current president, who attended the University of Chicago where Friedman taught for decades, never fell under the influence of the world's greatest champion of the free market. Imagine how much better things would have turned out, for Mr. Obama and the country.
 
Friedman was a constant presence on these pages until his death in 2006 at age 94. If he could, he would surely be skewering today's $5 trillion expansion of spending and debt to create growth—and exposing the confederacy of economic dunces urging more of it.
 
In the 1960s, Friedman famously explained that "there's no such thing as a free lunch." If the government spends a dollar, that...

Tuesday, July 31, 2012 - 18:38

SOURCE: Guardian (UK) (7-31-12)

Priyamvada Gopal teaches in the Faculty of English at the University of Cambridge.

The high court will shortly issue a verdict in a case brought before it by three elderly Kenyans who are suing the British government for damages. They, like many other Kikuyu people, suffered internment and torture during the brutal emergency rule imposed in the 1950s by Kenya's colonial government as it attempted to repress a violent uprising led by the Kenya Land and Freedom Army or "Mau Mau". Tens of thousands were killed while others endured systematic abuse including long internment, rape and castration. Given the recent emergence of "lost" documents pointing to the Foreign Office's awareness of these abuses, the British government does not deny the abuse but argues it is not liable for out-of-date claims against a past colonial administration.
 
Public arguments about this case have focused on whether present-day governments and taxpayers should be...

Tuesday, July 31, 2012 - 18:32

SOURCE: Guardian (UK) (7-31-12)

Clayton Swisher is a head of al-Jazeera's transparency unit, and author of two books on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. 

The best opportunity to definitively prove What Killed Arafat – the name we gave the documentary investigation that appeared on al-Jazeera earlier this month – is fast approaching. The lawyers of Yasser Arafat's family are calling for the appointment of an independent judge to look into the cause of his death.
 
The Palestinian president had arrived at the Percy Military hospital on 29 October 2004, following his unexplained deterioration weeks earlier. He fell into a coma and took his last breath there on 11 November the same year. In our film, we interviewed Swiss scientists who had discovered that elevated levels of polonium-210 in biological stains had come from the clothing Arafat had with him at the hospital.
 
It is the strongest and only physical evidence to date that Arafat may...

Tuesday, July 31, 2012 - 18:27

SOURCE: The Atlantic (7-24-12)

Chris Beneke is associate professor of history at Bentley University and the author of Beyond Toleration: The Religious Origins of American Pluralism. Randall Stephens is reader in American Studies and history at Northumbria University and the author (with Karl Giberson) of The Anointed: Evangelical Truth in a Secular Age.

Earlier this month, George Mason University's History News Network asked readers to vote for the least credible history book in print. The top pick was David Barton's right-wing reimagining of our third president, Jefferson's Lies: Exposing the Myths You've Always Believed about Thomas Jefferson...


Friday, July 27, 2012 - 16:40

SOURCE: Special to HNN (7-27-12)

Historian at the Kennedy Library from 1977 to 2000, Dr. Sheldon M. Stern is the author of "Averting ‘the Final Failure’: John F. Kennedy and the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis Meetings" (2003) and "The Week the World Stood Still: Inside the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis" (2005), both in the Stanford University Press Nuclear Age Series.

Editor's Note: This article is an addendum to Sheldon Stern's earlier essay "Robert Caro and the Mythical Cuban Missile Crisis"

Near the end of The Years of...


Friday, July 27, 2012 - 15:06

SOURCE: TomDispatch (7-22-12)

Noam Chomsky is Institute Professor Emeritus in the MIT Department of Linguistics and Philosophy.  A TomDispatch regular, he is the author of numerous best-selling political works, most recently, Hopes and Prospects, Making the Future, and OccupyThis is the full text of a speech he gave recently at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland.

Down the road only a few generations, the millennium of Magna Carta, one of the great events in the establishment of civil and human rights, will arrive.  Whether it will be celebrated, mourned...


Tuesday, July 24, 2012 - 17:57

SOURCE: Foreign Policy (7-23-12)

Michael A. Cohen is a columnist for Foreign Policy's Election 2012 channel and a fellow at the Century Foundation.

Four years ago last week, then-Senator Barack Obama delivered what is known in campaign parlance as the "big foreign policy speech." It's the sort of address that is a rite of passage for a presidential contender -- an opportunity to demonstrate to voters (and even more so reporters) that the candidate is fully prepared for the awesome responsibilities of U.S. global leadership.
 
Given at the Ronald Reagan Building in Washington, D.C., Obama used the address as an opportunity to lay out his major foreign policy and national security strategy while also differentiating himself from both his opponent Sen. John McCain and the President George W. Bush's deeply unpopular foreign policy.
 
Like any major campaign speech, Obama's remarks were more than just a vision of the future, they also...

Tuesday, July 24, 2012 - 15:19

SOURCE: LA Times (7-22-12)

Douglas Foster, associate professor of journalism at Northwestern University, is the author of After Mandela: The Struggle for Freedom in Post-Apartheid South Africa, which will be released in September.

"Everybody dies."
 
That's what Nelson Mandela began telling startled associates years ago, even seeming cheerful at the prospect. He retired for the first time in 1999, when he stepped down asSouth Africa's first post-apartheid president. Then, in 2004, he announced that he would "retire from retirement," his sly way of signaling that this time, he really meant to step away from the outsized role he had played in the country for more than 60 years. "Don't call me, I'll call you," he said on that occasion.
Mandela has seemed at peace with that decision in the years since, enjoying family at his home in rural Qunu and largely staying out of national politics. As he celebrated his 94th birthday this week, though, many of...

Tuesday, July 24, 2012 - 15:02

SOURCE: London Review of Books (7-19-12)

Perry Anderson teaches history at UCLA.

By 1945, the era of Gandhi was over, and that of Nehru had begun. It is conventional to dwell on the contrasts between the two, but the bearing of these on the outcome of the struggle for independence has remained by and large in the shadows. Nor are the contrasts themselves always well captured. Nehru was a generation younger; of handsome appearance; came from a much higher social class; had an elite education in the West; lacked religious beliefs; enjoyed many an affair. So much is well known. Politically more relevant was the peculiar nature of his relationship to Gandhi. Inducted into the national movement by his wealthy father, a pillar of Congress since the 1890s, he fell under Gandhi’s spell in his late twenties, at a time when he had few political ideas of his own. A decade later, when he had acquired notions of independence and socialism Gandhi did not share, and was nearly forty, he was still writing to him: ‘Am I...

Tuesday, July 24, 2012 - 14:52

SOURCE: Stamford Advocate (7-19-12)

Steven S. Berizzi is a professor of history and political science at Norwalk Community College.

One hundred fifty years ago Sunday, during the Civil War's generally discouraging second year, President Abraham Lincoln held what might have been the most important cabinet meeting in history.

The fighting had begun in April 1861, and what had been expected to be a short conflict was now 15 months old. By the summer of 1862, the Union had enjoyed some success in the western theater of the war, but, in the eastern theater that was centered in Virginia, General...


Monday, July 23, 2012 - 15:05

SOURCE: National Review (7-20-12)

Allen C. Guelzo is the author of Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction (Oxford University Press, 2012).

Do not look for a great celebration to break out on July 22.

Granted, the 22nd of July has never been much of a red-letter day. No great battles to commemorate, no horrifying cataclysms, no lily-gilding birthdays. The one event that does hang a laurel around July 22 will still go largely unnoticed — despite being at the heart of great battles, a national cataclysm, and a new birth of freedom — and that is Abraham Lincoln’s unveiling of the Emancipation Proclamation to the startled members of his cabinet, exactly 150 years ago this Sunday.

The Emancipation Proclamation did more, and for more Americans, than any other...


Monday, July 23, 2012 - 09:23

SOURCE: NYT (7-21-12)

Christopher Buckley is the author, most recently, of the novel “They Eat Puppies, Don’t They?”

SINCE the Soviet Union folded in 1991, Russia has been tippy-toeing around the dead mouse on the national living room floor, namely Lenin’s embalmed corpse....

I’ve just read a 1998 book called “Lenin’s Embalmers,” by Ilya Zbarsky and Samuel Hutchinson. It’s fascinating, in a horrible sort of way. Over the last 88 years, Lenin’s corpse has had more adventures than many live people. In the words of the Grateful Dead, “what a long, strange trip it’s been.” The author, who died in 2007, was the...


Monday, July 23, 2012 - 08:04

SOURCE: LA Times (7-13-12)

Robert Zaretsky teaches French history at the University of Houston and is coauthor of France and its Empire Since 1870.

France will celebrate Bastille Day on Saturday. Like its sister republic on this side of the Atlantic, the French Republic will mark its liberation from the yoke of monarchical rule. But despite the shower of fireworks, parades and speeches in praise of liberty, don't be deceived. Just as America's red, white and blue is the mirror image of France's blue, white and red, liberté isn't quite the same as liberty, especially in the 21st century.
 
We have long known that France is, well, a foreign country. Take the bidet — which most Americans do, as a cooler for Coke, not a spritz for their private parts. (Our national soft drink, on the other hand, was quite literally seen by the postwar French as an American plot to "coca-colonize" their nation.)
 
No less particular, and even more...

Thursday, July 19, 2012 - 15:43

SOURCE: BBC (7-15-12)

Ali Ansari is a professor at the Institute of Iranian Studies, St Andrews University.

Any visitor to the spectacular ruins of Persepolis - the site of the ceremonial capital of the ancient Persian Achaemenid empire, will be told three facts: it was built by Darius the Great, embellished by his son Xerxes, and destroyed by that man, Alexander.
That man Alexander, would be the Alexander the Great, feted in Western culture as the conqueror of the Persian Empire and one of the great military geniuses of history.
 
Indeed, reading some Western history books one might be forgiven for thinking that the Persians existed to be conquered by Alexander.
 
A more inquisitive mind might discover that the Persians had twice before been defeated by the Greeks during two ill-fated invasions of Greece, by Darius the Great in 490BC and then his son, Xerxes, in 480BC - for which Alexander's assault was a justified retaliation...

Thursday, July 19, 2012 - 15:24

SOURCE: American Conservative (7-10-12)

Robert P. Murphy is author of The Politically Incorrect Guide to Capitalism. His blog is Free Advice.

When pressed for a "success story" of their policies, Keynesians point with pride to World War II. They claim that it is the perfect illustration of the ability of massive government spending to lift an economy out of the doldrums.

In the effort to battle this myth, Steve Horwitz and Michael J. McPhillips offer an ...


Thursday, July 12, 2012 - 05:59

SOURCE: WSJ (7-11-12)

Mr. Turner, a professor at the University of Virginia, is editor of The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy: Report of the Scholars Commission (Carolina Academic Press, 2011).

Thomas Jefferson has long been celebrated in America as the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. But his iconic status has diminished in recent years thanks to a widespread belief that he fathered a child by Sally Hemings, his enslaved servant.

In reality, the 1998 DNA tests alleged to prove this did not involve genetic material from Thomas Jefferson. All they established was that one of more than two dozen Jefferson males probably fathered Sally Hemings's youngest son, Eston. And there is good reason to believe that at least seven Jefferson men (including the president) were at Monticello when Eston was conceived in the summer of 1807.

Allegations that the "oral history" of Sally's descendants identified the president as the father of all of Sally's children are...


Thursday, July 12, 2012 - 05:57

SOURCE: LA Times (7-11-12)

Sarah Kenyon Lischer, an associate professor in the Department of Politics and International Affairs at Wake Forest University, is the author of Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camps, Civil War, and the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid.

"We give this town to the Serb nation.… The time has come to take revenge on the Turks." Seventeen years later, the words still hang in the air like poison gas over Srebrenica. With that speech, Bosnian Serb Gen. Ratko Mladic pronounced the death sentence on more than 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys. On July 11, 1995, the slaughter began. Bosnian Serb soldiers loyal to Mladic hunted down, tortured and killed the male inhabitants of Srebrenica in...


Thursday, July 12, 2012 - 05:55

SOURCE: Foreign Policy (7-10-12)

Aaron David Miller is a distinguished scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. His forthcoming book is titled Can America Have Another Great President? "Reality Check," his column for ForeignPolicy.com, runs weekly.

Twelve years ago this week, U.S. President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat gathered at Camp David to launch a historic bid to put an end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
 
The historic nature of the gathering can't be denied. The discussions there began the excruciatingly painful process of coming to terms with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict's toughest issues. Indeed, for nearly two weeks in Maryland's stunningly beautiful Catoctin Mountain Park, Israeli and Palestinian negotiators wrestled with the core issues of the conflict -- territory, refugees, security, and, of course, Jerusalem -- in front of a U.S. president. If the Israeli-...

Wednesday, July 11, 2012 - 16:57

SOURCE: Daily Beast (7-10-12)

Tom Sykes is a writer and journalist whose family has long-standing connections to the British Royal Family. Tom previously worked as a nightlife reporter and gossip columnist for the New York Post. He is currently working with John Taylor of Duran Duran, helping him write and edit his autobiography, to be published later this year by Penguin. Tom lives in London and Ireland.

We common folk can hardly be blamed for our sometimes prurient interest in the sex lives of the Kings and Queens of England. Given the hereditary principle, who’s doing what to whom when has not just been a subject for terrific gossip for the upper classes and peasantry alike through the ages, it’s a matter of vital national interest. Kate.
 
Indeed, the sex life of Prince Charles has been the subject of constitutional importance ever since a 1989 conversation with Camilla, recorded by an amateur radio enthusiast, was published in which Charles expressed a...

Tuesday, July 10, 2012 - 16:46

SOURCE: LA Times (7-4-12)

Stephen Prothero is a professor of religion at Boston University and the author of, most recently, The American Bible: How Our Words Unite, Divide, and Define a Nation.

Every July 4, the citizens of Barnstable, Mass., where I live, dress up in red, white and blue, parade down Main Street and then eat pies and run sack races behind a local church. Collectively, we also manage to forget that in 1776 our town voted 35 to 30 against declaring independence from England.
 
The Declaration of Independence, now enshrined at the National Archives inside a titanium and glass case, has become part of a canon of core texts of American public life I refer to as the "American Bible." Like Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address andMartin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, the declaration serves as a touchstone for our common life, sparking the multi-generational conversation "we the people" continue to have about where our nation has been...

Monday, July 9, 2012 - 16:21