influenza

• 
• SOURCE: Altoona Mirror
  2/1/2021
  

  Penn State Professor Studying Stories of Spanish Flu Survivors

  An accidental archival discovery led John Eicher to examine testimonials of European survivors of the 1918 influenza pandemic; the subsequent COVID pandemic made his developing research suddenly relevant to the news. 

• 
• SOURCE: Nursing Clio
  9/8/2020
  

  “All the World’s a Harem”: Perceptions of Masked Women during the 1918–1919 Flu Pandemic

  by Jessica Brabble, Ariel Ludwig and E. Thomas Ewing

  Contemporary sources show that women's mask-wearing practices during the 1918 flu pandemic could be viewed through a sexist lens, but women adapted the practice to claim independence and found examples in popular culture.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  9/6/2020
  

  ‘It is Getting Better Now’: Family Letters from the Deadly 1918 Flu Pandemic

  Americans throughout the country are climbing attic stairs, descending into dusty basements and flipping through folders in old filing cabinets to seek words of everyday wisdom from ancestors who have suffered through something like this before.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  9/1/2020
  

  ‘The 1918 Flu Is Still With Us’: The Deadliest Pandemic Ever Is Still Causing Problems Today

  Historians John Barry and Howard Markel are among the medical and social science experts who explain that the 1918 pandemic didn't "end" so much as endure in an era of recurrent viral pandemics. 

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  8/11/2020
  

  Boston Refused to Close Schools During the 1918 Flu. Then Children Began to Die

  Boston's school health officials in 1918 denied that school attendance posed a heightened risk for children contracting or transmitting the flu. 

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• SOURCE: Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
  8/11/2020
  

  “The Mask Law will be Rigidly Enforced”: Ordinances, Arrests, and Celebrations during the 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic

  by Jessica Brabble, Ariel Ludwig, and E. Thomas Ewing

  History teaches us that masking is a community effort in which individuals choose to act for the good of all, despite the inconvenience or discomfort. 

• 
• SOURCE: New York Times
  8/3/2020
  

  The Mask Slackers of 1918

  In 1918 and 1919, as bars, saloons, restaurants, theaters and schools were closed, masks became a scapegoat, a symbol of government overreach, inspiring protests, petitions and defiant bare-face gatherings. All the while, thousands of Americans were dying in a deadly pandemic.

• 
• SOURCE: USA Today
  5/31/2020
  

  Pandemic Historian: Don't Rush Reopening. In 1918, Some States Ran Straight Into More Death.

  by Dr. Howard Markel

  Over a decade ago, I looked at state lockdown measures during the 1918 influenza pandemic. My takeaway: Longer is better than shorter.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  5/26/2020
  

  America’s Response to Coronavirus Pandemic is ‘Incomprehensibly Incoherent,’ Says Historian Who Studied the 1918 Flu

  According to historian John M. Barry, Americans have not learned their lesson since 1918.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  5/24/2020
  

  Reopening too Soon: Lessons from the Deadly Second Wave of the 1918 Flu Pandemic

  J. Alexander Navarro of the University of Michigan Center for the History of Medicine has compiled archival records of the 1918 Influenza pandemic in 43 U.S. cities. The findings suggest staying closed helps prevent a deadly second wave of infections.  

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  5/17/2020
  

  She Posed as a Nurse During the 1918 Flu Pandemic and Went on a Crime Spree

  Julia Lyons preyed on the sick and dying in Chicago.

• 
• SOURCE: New York Times
  5/14/2020
  

  Why Are There Almost No Memorials to the Flu of 1918?

  Historians have accounted for how the influenza pandemic unfolded across the US and the world, but have been less successful accounting for why the disease seems to have been forgotten.

• 
• SOURCE: Slate
  5/3/2020
  

  The 1918 Flu Pandemic Killed Millions. So Why Does Its Cultural Memory Feel So Faint?

  by Rebecca Onion

  According to scholar Elizabeth Outka, the tragedy haunts modernist literature between the lines.

• 
• 5/3/2020
  

  The Second Battle of Gettysburg: Eisenhower’s Fight with the 1918 Flu Pandemic

  by Jack M. Holl

  Dwight Eisenhower played a pivotal role in protecting the troops under his command and the civilians living around Camp Colt in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania from the 1918 influenza pandemic. 

• 
• SOURCE: Time
  4/28/2020
  

  First the Women Who Ran This U.K. Military Hospital Faced World War I. Then Came the 1918 Flu Pandemic

  In her new book "No Man's Land," Wendy Moore recounts the story of the women who ran the Endell Street Military Hospital, a London hospital staffed almost entirely by women during the 1918 Spanish flu outbreak.

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• 4/26/2020
  

  Teaching During a Pandemic – a Century Ago

  by John Marsh

  In letters the author's grandmother wrote to her beau in the Army between 1918 and 1919, the flu was a constant subject. 

• 
• SOURCE: The Economist
  4/18/2020
  

  How The Spanish Flu of 1918-20 was Largely Forgotten

  The Economist under-reported the pandemic. Many victims were counted among the dead of the first world war.

• 
• SOURCE: Smithsonian
  4/13/2020
  

  What We Can Learn from 1918 Influenza Diaries

  Historians including Kevin Levin, Nancy Bristow and Lora Vogt reflect on what people today can do to help historians of the future understand life during the COVID crisis. 

• 
• 4/12/2020
  

  The Local Impact of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic in Philadelphia

  by Jeffrey Anderson and Janet Golden

  Insufficient attention was paid to the first influenza death in the city. The United States was in the throes of the Great War, and the Kaiser, not the flu, was on the minds of Philadelphians.

• 
• SOURCE: Washington Post
  4/2/2020
  

  Everyone Wore Masks During The 1918 Flu Pandemic. They Were Useless.

  In 1918, with a different virus, masks didn’t help.