Belgium 
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SOURCE: Smithsonian
4/15/2023
Seeking Justice for the Youngest Victims of Belgian Colonialism in the Congo
by Jocelyn C. Zuckerman
Because Belgian colonial policy insisted upon rigid lines of racial hierarchy, mixed-race children who were not acknowledged by their Belgian parent were made wards of the government and institutionalized.
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SOURCE: Al Jazeera
6/25/2022
The Belated Return of Lumumba's Tooth Shows the Tenacity of Colonialism
"The only reason that can be offered for keeping a man’s tooth for 61 years knowing that it was obtained through torture and murder is that the cruelty is the point. Colonisation was, after all, a projection of power through cruelty, rationalised by pseudo-intellectual arguments about racial superiority and difference."
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SOURCE: Al Jazeera
6/8/2022
Belgian King Expresses "Deepest Regrets" for Congo Atrocities
While calling Belgian colonial rule "unjustifiable and racist" King Philippe did not go so far as to issue an apology.
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2/27/2022
Remember Blowback over Belgium: Will Putin Lose the War of Image?
by Robert Brent Toplin
The potential for global media attention to the atrocities that will result from a Russian occupation of Ukraine should give Putin pause to reconsider the cost of military victory.
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SOURCE: The New York Times
6/9/2020
Statue of Leopold II, Belgian King Who Brutalized Congo, Is Removed in Antwerp
The statue was targeted by recent protests against racism and Belgium’s colonial history. The authorities said the statue would remain in a museum.
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5/12/19
Mothers and Food Aid from World War One to Today
by William Lambers
There are millions of mothers across the world right now desperate to save their children from malnutrition. On Mother’s Day, and every day, we should take action to help them.
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SOURCE: NY Times
4/4/19
Belgium Apologizes for Kidnapping Children From African Colonies
Prime Minister Charles Michel of Belgium delivered a speech last Thursday apologizing for the country’s actions toward mixed-race children in Central Africa.
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SOURCE: NYT
11-5-18
Former Belgian King Ordered to Give DNA for Paternity Test
Delphine Boël grew up certain that she should be a princess. Now a court ruling and a DNA test could make it true.
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SOURCE: NYT
9-22-17
Holocaust Denier’s Sentence: Visit 5 Ex-Nazi Camps, and Write About It
A former lawmaker in Belgium convicted of Holocaust denial in 2015 was handed an unusual sentence this week: The Brussels Court of Appeal ordered him to visit one Nazi concentration camp a year for the next five years and write about his experiences.
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SOURCE: KU Leuven
7-25-16 (accessed)
Blood of King Albert I identified after 80 years
The death of King Albert I of Belgium in 1934 – officially a climbing accident – still fuels speculation.
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SOURCE: Telegraph (UK)
8-2-13
Rescuing the farm where Wellington won the battle of Waterloo
In an isolated corner of bucolic Belgium, down a dusty track that cuts through great fields of lettuce and shivering wheat, stands the farm that won Waterloo. Of the 170,000 people who visit the battlefield each year, few find their way to this particular spot. Fat wood pigeons coo undisturbed from the crumbling walls. The view across the miles of rolling fields over which Napoleon launched waves of attacks, is unspoilt by any building. The only sound of modern life is the faint roar of a motorway, hidden by a bank of trees.Hougoumont is largely unchanged from where, on Sunday June 18, 1815, it was the centre of action throughout the Battle of Waterloo. Of the tens of thousands who died that day, 6,500 men were killed, or suffered terrible injuries, at Hougoumont. Many were dumped in a mass grave there to deter thieves....
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SOURCE: LiveScience
3-21-13
Medieval monks drained wetlands to build
A medieval monastery in Belgium went to major effort to drain wetlands on its land, building structures on artificially raised soil, a new study finds.Archaeologists excavated the Boudelo Abbey, once part of the medieval county of Flanders, in the 1970s. Until now, however, they had no idea that an extensive drained wetland surrounded the site. "They placed these abbeys in all sorts of marginal areas to cultivate," said study researcher Philippe De Smedt, a soil scientist at Ghent University in Belgium. In the High Middle Ages between the 12th and 14th centuries, Europe's population was growing, De Smedt told LiveScience. Monk labor provided a solution to the crowding by making the land livable....
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SOURCE: WSJ
3-19-13
Belgian train museum has hard time getting on track
SCHAERBEEK, Belgium—This country built continental Europe's first railway line in 1835 and still boasts the world's densest rail network. Belgians ran the world's longest passenger train, which had 70 cars. This country the size of Maryland even has five vintage railways, run by enthusiasts.What Belgium lacks is a national train museum. Officials couldn't agree on where to put it.Now, 178 years after "Le Belge" puffed 15 miles from Brussels to Mechelen, the project has a green light. Work has started just outside Brussels on Train World, which is scheduled to open next year....
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