Blogs > Cliopatria > The PSC Strikes Out

Oct 2, 2005

The PSC Strikes Out




Last Thursday night, I attended a mass rally organized by CUNY’s faculty union, the Professional Staff Congress (PSC). The event was designed to build support for a strike vote, which the union is expected to schedule sometime after November 3. (Strikes by public employee unions are illegal under New York state law.) Though most of the meeting consisted of speeches from PSC president Barbara Bowen or heads of other unions, the PSC invited three members—one each from the ranks of staff, adjuncts, and full-time faculty—to address the audience as to why they support an illegal strike. The two faculty selections said a lot about the PSC’s agenda.

The adjunct announced that he had been at CUNY since 1989. Long-term adjuncts are a key constituency of the current union leadership, which has demanded for them seniority rights and pushed through an increase in their salary and health care benefits that had the effect of drying up funding for the full-time faculty’s dental and life insurance. Both the speaker and the union leadership seemed blissfully unaware that basing contract demands around protecting those unable to get a tenure-track job for a decade or longer doesn’t serve the University’s overall best interests.

The faculty speaker was Hunter political science professor Rosalind Petchesky, who has made a name for herself by taking rather extreme positions—denouncing the"massacre" in Jenin after the allegations against the Israeli army had been disproved; or equating the fetal form with “American imperial might,” since “it is not the image of a baby at all but of a tiny man, a homunculus”; and criticizing the war in Afghanistan on the grounds that it showed that “global capitalist masculinism is alive and well but concealed in its Eurocentric, racist guise of ‘rescuing’ downtrodden, voiceless Afghan women from the misogynist regime it helped bring to power.”

At the mass meeting, Petchesky mostly delivered as expected, informing CUNY professors that the “War on Terror is a war on us”; attributing a “fear-mongering” campaign against PSC leadership “right up to the White House’; and positing that a faculty strike would be “very exciting,” even a “life-transforming” experience. Then, she added, she also backed a strike for personal reasons: “I am worried that I might have to move out of my apartment in Manhattan.” (Petchesky is a distinguished professor, which has a salary in the range of $120,000.) Imagine the horror: CUNY professors might have to suffer the indignity of living in the . . . dreaded Outer Boroughs.

Petchesky’s remarks (unintentionally) captured the essence of the union’s ill-conceived call for an illegal strike, which combines a discomfiting sense of entitlement with a belief that the contract should be a vehicle to pursue fundamentally political goals.

Salaries for CUNY professors, especially for assistant professors, are too low. But the PSC seems to operate on a belief that CUNY professors should have to work much less and get paid much more (all while being evaluated through a “redefined” conception of “quality” that decreases the significance of scholarship in personnel decisions). It was embarrassing to see that the loudest applause at any point in the meeting came when Bowen suggested that one possible “job action” would have CUNY professors stop grading papers and exams. And it was distressing to hear Bowen urge CUNY faculty to “reorder our priorities” by deferring writing projects and spending an hour less on grading each week—i.e., cut back on what professors are paid to do—to free up time for union matters. Moreover, she added, CUNY profs should abuse their classroom authority by distributing pro-strike material in class to students and use class time to convince undergraduates to support a faculty strike.

Complementing this vision of faculty entitlement is the leadership’s view of the contract negotiation as primarily a staging ground to roll back the political and ideological defeats suffered by the far Left since 1968. Negotiations, Bowen contended, have only a limited potential for success. To get a worthwhile contract, the PSC needs to “reclaim this university” by overturning the Bloomberg/Pataki political agenda, which she described as “exactly the agenda exposed in Hurricane Katrina.”

Such a radical goal requires radical tactics—an illegal strike. Flouting state law, Bowen mused, “can be beginning of new level of struggle” for the union; it can be a “powerful moment” in history of the city, allowing CUNY profs to “expand what it means to be an academic.” The allegedly “transforming” effects of PSC policies formed a key theme of the evening.

Let’s leave aside, for a moment, the absurdity of believing that an illegal strike by CUNY professors would have a transformative effect on anything except for the financial status of a union that would be decimated by state-mandated fines; or that a strike would make the New York public any more sympathetic to the Bowen/Petchesky political agenda than it has been in rejecting PSC-endorsed candidates in the 2001 mayoral primary, 2001 mayoral election, 2002 governor’s race, and 2005 primary for NYC public advocate. And let’s even leave aside the obvious point that an illegal strike is illegal, and there’s something unseemly about the lesson for students that professors supply in advocating breaking the law for self-seeking aims.

Quite beyond these points, the PSC’s dream of an illegal strike is improper for two reasons that directly relate to the union’s position within the university. First, the PSC under Bowen’s leadership has become far too involved in matters that more appropriately fall under the jurisdiction of college-wide faculty councils or academic departments. The union has advocated a radical redefinition of personnel policies that would border on a quota system based on race and ethnicity; on the curricular side, we’ve seen a variety of initiatives designed to infuse CUNY courses with an “anti-war” or “pro-diversity” perspective regardless of the topic matter. A faculty union’s job should be to handle matters relating to the contract—not to dictate personnel priorities or design course themes.

Second, the union seems wholly unconcerned with the lasting damage to CUNY its campaign for an illegal strike has already caused. Petchesky spoke because she is one of 300 picket captains from around the University. Described by Bowen as dealing with questions “as rich as any questions we consider in our scholarly work,” the picket captain is essentially a union commissar. By November 3, each CUNY faculty member will receive a visit from a picket captain, asking if he or she will support a strike. Those who answer no will receive the party line as to why they should change their minds.

The potential for improper pressure in this arrangement are enormous. During visits to faculty at Bronx Community College, picket captains ostentatiously wrote down the names of those who refused to support a strike. The academic administrations of two other CUNY campuses (Brooklyn and LaGuardia) are PSC puppets; any untenured faculty who publicly refused to follow the union line on either campus would be risking his or her career. The picket captains’ efforts, it could be argued, are entirely proper union activity, even if the goal is to break the law. But, in the real world of an inherently subjective personnel process and a faculty that on many CUNY campuses isn’t exactly diverse intellectually, the union’s efforts raise the specter of retaliation in the personnel process for years to come.

Unfortunately, a different path to this contract negotiation was imaginable. The union and administration could have, say, jointly agreed on one or two critically pressing needs at CUNY—such as the perilously low starting salaries for assistant and even associate professors. They could have combined their resources to lobby City Hall and Albany for a contract that would have delivered a concrete benefit to the union (in the form of a pay raise for its lowest-paid members who go through a regular faculty search) and to the administration (in the form of enhancing CUNY’s competitiveness to talented new faculty). Instead, the union embraced a negotiating plan that reeked of bad faith, and is now gearing up for an illegal strike that—if it occurs—would harm the University for years to come.



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Irfan Khawaja - 8/4/2006

Just a question of clarification from someone new to the CUNY system: when you say that the current PSC leadership stopped allowing adjuncts to opt out of the union in 2001 (fourth paragraph from the bottom), do you mean that all adjuncts thereby became card-carrying and dues-paying members of the union, or do you mean that all adjuncts were thereby required to pay dues regardless of whether they were card-carrying members?


Irfan Khawaja - 8/4/2006

My question was meant for KC Johnson, not Oscar Chamberlain.


Robert KC Johnson - 10/3/2005

I agree completely. I have lots of problems with the PSC's positions, and their stance on adjuncts is somewhat down the list.

But the benefit of having adjunct positions is that these posts give graduate students the opportunity to get teaching slots. The ideal is to have fairly regular turnover (2-3 years) in most of these positions, to allow up-and-coming students the opportunity to teach. Some universities do place limits on adjunct or teaching fellow seniority to accomplish this goal. The PSC's position is the reverse: everything should be done to make it difficult to bring in new adjuncts, since a seniority system (bordering on a quasi-tenure in the most extreme PSC proposals) would be put in place.


Robert KC Johnson - 10/3/2005

Before 2001, adjuncts were given the choice to be considered part of the bargaining unit or not. If they chose the latter, they were not considered union members, but didn't pay union dues, either.

In 2001, the PSC leadership (as was its right under relevant NYS law) ended that option. All adjuncts since have been required to pay dues, regardless of whether they wanted to join the union, as is the case with f-t faculty. They can opt out only to the extent of becoming agency fee payers, though the union refunds less tha 10% of the dues for agency fee payers. The PSC is currently being sued (and lost a motion for summary judgment) on the grounds that it has concealed political expenditures (which must be proportionately refunded to agency fee payers) as legitimate union expenses.


Oscar Chamberlain - 10/3/2005

My comment above should have been posted here, in response to KC's more detailed summary of events.


Oscar Chamberlain - 10/3/2005

"#1 would prevent the best adjunct from being hired in all cases, since [by making hiring permananent after roughly 5 years] it would make it harder for current graduate students to get adjunct positions."

Is there any profession so hostile to on the job training as academia? The criteria for jobs are skewed to minimize it.

A key example: how many jobs list as a requirement--or even as something good to have--familiarity with the students, bureaucracy, and environment at a campus? In fact the relationship between an individual and the insitution and community is deliberately deemphasized.

And that, come to think of it, may be one small factor in the growing devide between the university and the wider culture.


Robert KC Johnson - 10/3/2005

My apologies--I should have spelled out the PSC's precise demands regarding adjuncts and why I find them troubling.

The PSC's contract demands regarding adjuncts have included the following:
--seniority rights, including a "certificate of continuous employment" after 10 semesters, which would make it all but impossible to replace the adjunct;
--priority to adjuncts in some (unspecified number) of new full-time tenure-track lines;
--the continuation of the Welfare Fund policies of the last three years, in which full-time faculty have given up various health care benefits to subsidize adjunct salaries and health care.

On 1 and 2, I cannot see how fulfilling either of those demands would serve CUNY's (or any university's) interests, even though the current crop of CUNY adjuncts would benefit. #2 would prevent the best candidate from being hired in all searches, since it would preclude national searches for all affected lines. #1 would prevent the best adjunct from being hired in all cases, since it would make it harder for current graduate students to get adjunct positions.

On issue #3, Jacob asks whether adjuncts are "somehow less worthy of a adequate salary and health care benefit" because they don't have tenure-track employment. Adjuncts are hired through a different process--they don't go through a national search, they generally aren't expected to do scholarship, and they generally don't have service requirements. I don't think it's radical to assume, then, that they will have a lower salary and benefits.

The issue here, however, is University policy. The PSC's Welfare Fund decisions--increasing adjunct health care and salaries at the cost of ending the f-t faculty dental and life insurance benefits--means that CUNY as a whole is less competitive than other universities in the area, almost all of which offer these benefits to starting assistant profs. That's bad for the university.

From a moral standpoint, do I think that adjuncts (like everyone in America) should have adequate health care coverage? Absolutely. But from the standpoint of University policy, the PSC's approach to this matter has harmed CUNY.

As to the adjuncts and the current PSC leadership, adjunct membership in the union is about the same numerically with that of f-t faculty. The current leadership in 2001 ended the policy of allowing adjuncts to opt out of the union (and not have to pay any union dues), dramatically increasing the number of adjuncts in the union.

On "can Johnson point to a single person whose career has suffered for resistence to the arguments to the PSC?," the answer is yes. He lives in my apartment. My speaking out against a PSC-sponsored "teach-in" that had no supporters of the US or Israel was the first issue of difficulty in my tenure case; and executive members of the Brooklyn PSC contibuted to the compilation of the "Shadow File," the cache of secret letters improperly assembled by the college in my tenure case.

On the Manhattan point, I moved to Brooklyn for financial, not philosophical, reasons. But professors aren't "entitled" to Wall Street salaries. We make choices in life. If you want to live in a very expensive neighborhood, that means working at a job that pays regular six-figure salaries. Somehow, I don't think the average New Yorker is going to be sympathetic to an argument that senior profs should go on strike so they can make enough $$ to live on the UWS so they can attend cultural events by walking rather than taking the subway.

On Greg's second point, from the standpoint of university policy, I don't see how academic quality is well served around a set of initiatives that would minimize CUNY's freedom in hiring more full-time assistant professors, which the PSC policy intends to do, since adjunct staffing positions would be frozen in. It might be that if CUNY received the money to immediately hire 2000 more f-t faculty, competitive national searches would be held and current CUNY adjuncts be the best candidate for all 2000 jobs. I doubt it, but I'm not saying it isn't possible.


Greg James Robinson - 10/3/2005

However harsh or otherwise, I think it speaks to a common view among tenure-track professors that adjuncts are simply people who are failures, who are not good enough to get a real job. I find this view deplorable, both because it sets up an extreme hierarchy among colleagues in a department and because it ignores the realities of the job market and the immense amount that luck and timing play in getting a tenure-track job. It is especially skewed in a place like New York, given the number of very talented people who will accept a bunch of adjunct jobs (designed for students without experience and credentials) and put up with their exploitative conditions in order to be able to live in New York.

KC also seems to suffer from a reverse snobbism about Manhattan. I myself lived in the outer boroughs (Brooklyn and the Bronx) for 20 years. I recognize, however, that it is difficult for a senior professor to commute long distances daily--presumably without a car, as it is difficult to get parking, deal with traffic, etc. It also requires much greater planning to do cultural events if you live in the outer boroughs, and the lifestyle is not at all the same.


Adam Kotsko - 10/3/2005

Perhaps KC didn't mean the comment about people who can't find a full-time job to be as harsh as it sounded. It did, however, sound quite harsh.


Jacob paul segal - 10/3/2005

I did not attend the mass meeting, so I can't speak to KC Johnson's account of it, although I doubt it fair and balanced, to coin a phrase.
I must object to his discussion of adjuncts.

He makes the following factual claims:
"Long-term adjuncts are a key constituency of the current union leadership, which has demanded for them seniority rights and pushed through an increase in their salary and health care benefits that had the effect of drying up funding for the full-time faculty’s dental and life insurance."

What is the basis for this claims? Does he have any evidence? I rather doubt that long-term adjuncts are a key constitutuency for the union given that adjuncts account for only a small part of the union, much smaller than their precentage of the faculty overall.

Then he makes a moral claim that is simply outrageous

"Both the speaker and the union leadership seemed blissfully unaware that basing contract demands around protecting those unable to get a tenure-track job for a decade or longer doesn’t serve the University’s overall best interest."

Are Johnson's adjunct colleagues at Brooklyn somehow less worthy of a adequate salary and health care benefit because of an inability to get a job? In this job market? It took me seven year to get a tenure track job, while teaching with dediciation at many CUNY colleges. Adjuncts (long-terms or short-terms are colleagues and fellow union members, worthy of equal consideration.

Finally, can Johnson point to a single person whose career has suffered for resistence to the arguments to the PSC?

Jacob