Blogs > Cliopatria > Palin & Executive Authority

Oct 4, 2008

Palin & Executive Authority




[correction & update below] There are, I suppose, two extremes in analyzing last night’s performance by Alaska governor Sarah Palin. The first could be termed the David Brooks test: “Was this woman capable of completing an extemporaneous paragraph — a collection of sentences with subjects, verbs, objects and, if possible, an actual meaning? By the end of her opening answers, it was clear she would meet the test.” The second approach would involve presuming that beyond a narrow range of energy and Alaska-related questions, Palin actually understood what she was talking about, and analyze what she said accordingly.

Admittedly, this second approach sometimes wasn’t easy. Take, for example, Palin’s statement about the criteria for the United States to use nuclear weapons. (The Alaska governor offered an incoherent, 15-second response, and then asked moderate Gwen Ifill if she could talk about Afghanistan. Ifill, incredibly, said yes.) But perhaps Palin’s most significant response came near the end of the debate, when she spoke about the powers of the vice presidency. While her answer was somewhat rambling, she praised the “flexibility” inherent in the VP’s constitutional powers, and said she wanted to expand the vice president’s role in the legislative arena.

This issue was a significant one in 2005, when the administration floated the idea of using Dick Cheney’s role as president of the Senate to modify the institution’s filibuster rules. (The so-called “Gang of 14” compromise aborted the administration’s initiative.) Taking Palin at her word, she envisions a dramatic expansion of the executive’s authority into traditionally legislative prerogatives.

Of course, it’s possible that Palin was simply spouting talking points, and had no clear sense of what she was actually saying. (Her interview with Katie Couric about her favorite vice president revealed no depth about the vice president’s powers.) But her remarks last night weren’t the only time candidate Palin has offered a sweeping conception of executive authority.

Palin’s response to Alaska’s “troopergate” scandal has also demonstrated an aggressive conception of executive power. Yesterday, Alaska Superior Court Judge Peter Michalski ruled against six pro-Palin legislators who were trying to quash the investigation—on the grounds that the legislature lacked the constitutional authority to investigate the executive branch. He also upheld the legislature’s authority to issue subpoenas—despite the assertion of the Palin-appointed state attorney general, Talis Colberg, who claimed that subpoenaed witnesses didn’t have to testify.

Understandably, the vice-presidential debate overshadowed Michalski’s decision, and most press reports have noted merely that the court allowed the investigation to proceed. The brief on behalf of Michalski's decision 30-page ruling, however, deserves greater attention: it was a stunningly blunt rejection of the pro-Palin arguments, and an unusually eloquent testimony to legislative prerogatives.

The brief termed the legislators’ “historic” filing “one of the most bizarre challenges to Alaska’s separation of powers doctrine in the history of the state.” And his ruling didn’t minimize the stakes: “That the challenge is brought by six legislators—apparently blind to the effect their short-term political gambit could have on the strength of the institution they represent—is sadly ironic.”

As the brief came to understand, the legislators’ basic claim—that a legislature lacks the constitutional authority to oversee and investigate the activities of an executive—so fundamentally challenged American constitutional theory that few on-point cases exist. Those that do, unsurprisingly, all uphold legislative power, and in this sense the ruling provides a convenient library of state and federal cases on the question. The judge termed it “lamentable, if understandable,” that the pro-Palin legislators failed to cite even one case to substantiate their claims.

At times, the brief could scarcely contain its sarcasm. Taking note of the legislators’ demand that Michalski stop the investigation lest it make “the Alaska Legislature and the State of Alaska a laughingstock,” the brief implied that the activities of Palin, Colberg, and the legislators themselves made the state a “laughingstock.”

At other times, the brief was nothing short of brutal. He chided the legislators’ “obviously half-hearted argument that cites no cases and relies on no recognizable legal principles.” It deemed their claims contrary to the “unambiguous” nature of Alaska law. It dismissed their assertion that the investigation violated Palin’s due-process rights as “absurd on its merits,” a misunderstanding of the difference between a legislative investigation and a criminal trial.

The brief concluded that agreeing with the pro-Palin legislators’ demand to halt the investigation on the grounds that it was “partisan” in motivation “can never be the right result in a free society with three independent branches of government. Rarely, if ever, has a request for such extraordinary injunctive relief been made on such flimsy legal grounds. The legal principles controlling this case are clear and fundamental. The Legislature has the power to investigate actions of the Executive.”

Perhaps Palin should have asked Michalski for help in fashioning her debate answer about the VP’s proper authority?

[Apology: My initial post attributed to Michalski the words of the brief. Also, news Sat. a.m.: the whole matter will now be decided in an emergency hearing before the AK Supreme Court, on Wednesday. It would be remarkable, indeed, if the Court upheld the position of the pro-Palin legislators.]



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Les Baitzer - 10/5/2008

KC Johnson writes:

“The brief on behalf of Michalski's decision 30-page ruling, however, deserves greater attention: it was a stunningly blunt rejection of the pro-Palin arguments …”

Despite Jenny Anne Ransom’s absolutely correct comment above and your correction, you continue to mischaracterize the document that you analyzed.

What you have analyzed is not a “ … brief on behalf of [Judge] Michalski’s decision 30 page ruling …” It is a brief filed by the Defendants' attorneys on behalf of the Defendents in response to the Plaintiff legislators' request for injunction.

One would expect a brief filed on behalf of the Defendents to be a “stunningly blunt rejection” of the Plaintiff’s arguments. I’ve yet to read a Defendant’s brief that accepted the Plaintiff’s arguments, although I suppose that could happen in Durham, NC.

It is misleading to imply that you have analyzed a “ …brief on behalf of Michalski’s decision …” A more prudent and useful analysis would be to examine the Judge’s actual ruling, which you have not done here.


Les Baitzer - 10/4/2008

Mark, it would seem that if you agree that my original statement was technically correct, then I am correct. At the risk of tumbling into a semantics discussion, I believe it is clear that the Constitution specifically provides that the “The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate …” It does not say that the Vice President’s only role in the Senate is to cast a tie-breaking vote which, to me and I believe a lot of people who heard Biden’s statement, is exactly what Biden was suggesting. Reasonable people may disagree with me or you on that point.

And, I agree with you that in practice, at least since the 1960s, voting in the event of a tie is about the only time a Vice President “crosss over into the legislative branch” as you put it. But, if a Vice President chose to preside in the Senate daily, he or she certainly could as that is a power expressively provided for in the Constitution. Whether the Vice President’s presence as Presiding Officer “crosses over into the legislative branch” or not I suppose is also arguable.

Just for old times’ sake, I’d like to leave personallities out of this discussion as I do not consider those issues germane or otherwise intellectually sound.


Mark Billingsley - 10/4/2008

Les, technically you are correct but I don't see what Biden had to say is incorrect. You don't see Cheney in the well every day when the senate is in session. Technically he presides over the senate EVERYday. I understand that, but he only truly crosses over into the legislative branch when he has to break a tie. That's what Biden said. I would argue with you about what Article 1, section 3 says about the Veep. I would interpret that section as clearly making the Veep a part of the executive and ONLY allowing him or her to cross over in the vent of a tie. That's exactly what Biden said last night and EXACTLY what Cheney has tried to wiggle away from like the slimy cretin he is.


Les Baitzer - 10/4/2008

Ardent Obama supporter KC Johnson’s analysis of Governor Palin’s view of the Vice Presidency was interesting, but Senator Biden’s views on the Vice Presidency, as demonstrated by his answer to the same question during the debate, reveal an understanding perhaps more shocking than Palin’s, particularly considering Biden’s legal education and longtime service in the Senate.

Biden stated:

“The idea he doesn't realize [is] that Article I of the Constitution defines the role of the vice president of the United States, that's the Executive Branch.”

Most students would realize that Article I establishes the Legislative Branch, not the Executive Branch as Biden contends.

Also, it is false that the Constitution treats the Vice President only as a member of the executive branch. The Vice President is mentioned in Article II as part of the executive branch, but the Vice President if further given legislative powers by Section 3 of Article 1, which establishes the Senate, to wit: “The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.”

Then Biden delivered this odd view:

“And the primary role of the vice president of the United States of America is to support the president of the United States of America, give that president his or her best judgment when sought, and as vice president, to preside over the Senate, only in a time when in fact there's a tie vote.”

It isn't true that he "preside[s] over the Senate, only in a time when in fact there's a tie vote." The Constitution contemplates that the Vice President will be the full-time President of the Senate, replaced by a President pro tempore "in the absence of the Vice President." It is true that the Vice President only gets to vote in case of a tie. But such a vote is the only time his vote matters, and is therefore necessary.

It seems rather strange that Biden, who has been in the Senate for more than three decades, doesn't understand the Constitutional role of the Vice President with respect to that body.



Jenny Anne Ransom - 10/3/2008

Unfortunately, the filing analyzed in this piece is not actually the Alaska court's opinion; it was the opposition brief filed by the Defendants' attorneys in response to the legislators' request for injunction. (Note the title is "Opposition to Motion for Temporary Restraining Order.") I haven't seen the actual ruling, but other news reports suggest that the true opinion is not nearly as strongly worded as this advocacy brief.